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In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, the government of the Republic participated in the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la vie moderne, popularly known as the Paris International Exhibition of 1937. The civil war in Spain was experiencing a change in project conception, incialment even more excitement to the technical developments in different countries, and the Spanish Pavilion becomes an evidence of the tragic political situation country: "the character that owes tener the spanish Section of the Exhibition (...) can and should be accounted the present moment and the wonderful village esfuerzo spanish defender for its independence and the cause of peace in the world."
The exhibition lasted from 25 May until 25 November 1937. The Pavilion was opened but not until July 12. Was located at Avenida del Trocadero near the pavilions of Germany and the Soviet Union.
The project architect was the philosopher Jose Gaos, curator of the flag, the painter Josep Renau and writer Max Aub who organized the contents of the exhibition pavilion and commissioned the construction of the building to Josep Maria Sert and Luis Lacasa.
Audiovisual production was by Luis Buñuel, appointed coordinator of the Propaganda the Information Service at the Embassy in Paris.
The building of the Pavilion of the Republic, was conceived by its architect Josep Lluis Sert and Luis Lacasa as an empty container, almost three floors and walls. He left the floor open courtyard that communicated with, covered with a tarp, was the role of audience.
On the first floor, devoted to propaganda and information on the situation of the country at war, it was accessed by a stairway and the second aimed at the arts and popular sections, where the large mural by Joan Miró , the Catalan peasant (now disappeared), it was accessed by a ramp, although there was a vertical access to the interior of the structure.
It was built with a limitation of time and materials, many prefabricated panels and plywood, or synthetic, and adapting the plan to build an irregular terrain, slope and with the obligation to respect the trees in allocated land. It had an area of 1,400 square meters.
It took a sober building that followed the lines of rational architecture despite its ephemeral nature. So basically acquired a cultural and propaganda to let the world know the situation unfolding in Spain, precisely define the objectives of government and emphasized the heroic struggle of the Spanish people.
Inside (front and acting as a gigantic panel exhibitor), they exhibited posters, photographs, photomontages, proclamations, information panels, as well as art and craft, sent directly from Spanish central and regional governments and various unions. Much of the exhibits sought to proclaim to the public the situation was before and after the Spanish Republic, and the war situation.
One of its main attractions was the famous Guernica by Pablo Picasso, located in one wall of the central courtyard where the Mercury Fountain, made by Alexander Calder.
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With the Olympic Games of 1992, the City Council commended the architects Antonio Ubach, Juan Miguel Hernandez and Miguel Espinet Leon carrying a replica of the Pavilion of the Republic that had been presented at the International Exhibition of Paris of 1937 and was destroyed in the end.
Today, this landmark building, given since 1994, the City Council at the University of Barcelona, is occupied by CRAI Library Hall of the Republic, which has one of the most important collection in the world on Second Republic Civil War, Francoism, Transition and exile in Spain, especially in Catalonia and the International Centre for Historical Studies, founded by Jaume Vicens Vives.
A reproduction of Picasso's famous Guernica can be seen, as was its original location, on a wall of the open courtyard of the pavilion.
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The floor plans of the 1937 Pavelló de la República:
Ground floor 0, First floor and Second floor
(Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, Madrid)
The floor plans of the current Pavelló de la República:
Basement, Ground floor and First and second floors
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- Alix, Josefina, "From war to magic: the Spanish Pavilion, Paris 1937", a Barcelona and modernity: Picasso, Gaudí, Miró, Dalí. New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006, p. 450-457
- Art contra la guerra: entorn del Pavelló Espanyol a l'Exposició Internacional de París de 1937 : Palau de la Virreina, novembre/desembre 1986
- Art i poder : l'Europa dels dictadors : 1930-1945. XXIII Exposició del Consell d'Europa.Barcelona : Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona 1996. Includes the article: París : l'Exposició internacional de 1937.
- Benach, Martí. El Pavelló de la República torna a brillar [accés en línia]
- Bohigas, Oriol. Arquitectura española de la Segunda República
- Bohigas, Oriol. Arquitectura i urbanisme durant la República
- Bohigas, Oriol. Modernidad en la arquitectura de la España republicana
- Bonet, Llorenç. Sert-Miró
- Carteles de la guerra 1936-1939 Colección Fundación Pablo Iglesias
- Cuellar, Juli. "La República a l'Exposició Internacional de París del 1937", a Cultura i compromís antifeixista. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2006, p. 133-138
- "El Diseño gráfico en el pabellón español de 1937", a Córdoba, Patricia. Modernidad tipográfica truncada. València: Campgràfic, 2008, p. 227-243.
- Espai, art i memòria: el Pavelló de la República : París 1937-Barcelona 2007
- España, vanguardia artística y realidad social:1936-1976
- Espinet/Ubach; Hernández León, Juan Miguel. "Reconstrucción del pabellón español en la Exposición Universal de París de 1937", a On, núm. 140 (1993), p. 106-119
- Esteban Leal, Paloma. Guernica de Picasso
- Exposition 1937 : número spécial [ATENCIÓ: aquest número de Le Mois està dedicat a l'Exposició Universal de 1937, no a l'edifici del Pavelló de la República]
- Freedberg, Catherine Blanton. The Spanish Pavilion of the Paris World's Fair
- Martín Martín, Fernando. El Pabellón español en la Exposición Universal de Paris en 1937
- Martín Martín, Fernando. El Pabellón, lección permanente
- Mendelson, Jordana. Documenting Spain: artists, exhibition culture and the modern nation, 1929-1939
- Mendelson, Jordana. "Josep Renau i el Pavelló d'Espanya a l'Exposició de París, 1937", a Espais fotogràfics públics. Barcelona: Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, 2008, p. 300-349
- Mendelson, Jordana. El Pabellón Español : París, 1937.
- Mi revista : ilustración de actualidades
- Pabellón español : exposición internacional de París, 1937 Madrid, 25 junio-15 septiembre, Centro de arte Reina Sofía
- El Pavelló de la República (enregistrament video)
- El Pavelló de la República (versió en dvd)
- "El Pavelló de la República: París, 1937-Vall d'Hebron, 1992", a La memòria històrica del Campus Mundet. Barcelona: Horsori, 2009. p. 34-63.
- "La Promoción artístico-cultural y la propaganda llevadas fuera de España", a Cabañas Bravo, Miguel. Josep Renau: arte y propaganda en Guerra. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura. Dirección General de Libro, Archivos y Bibliotecas. Subdirección General de los Archivos Estatales, 2007, p. 167-215
- [Recull de documentació sobre el Pavelló de la República]
- Sert, Josep Lluís. Josep Ll. Sert
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